Moving to Poland: A Guide for Expats and Digital Nomads

In the heart of Central Europe, Poland has become a popular destination for skilled workers and digital nomads seeking a blend of rich cultural heritage and modern living standards. In recent years, the country has seen an increasing influx of expatriates and remote workers, drawn by its growing economy, welcoming environment, and booming tech industry.

Poland's strategic location in Europe, combined with its affordable cost of living and strong digital infrastructure, makes it an attractive base for remote work. Poland’s economy is diverse, with strong sectors in manufacturing, technology, and services. Furthermore, the Polish government has also introduced initiatives to support foreign investment and entrepreneurship, making it easier for expats and digital nomads to set up their ventures.

However, moving to Poland requires careful planning, especially regarding visa requirements, local customs, and the cost of living. With the right preparation, Poland can be an excellent choice for those looking to explore opportunities in Central Europe.

Step 1: Before moving to Poland: Prepare your documents

Before you relocate to Poland, it’s crucial to ensure you meet the requirements to live and work in the country by obtaining the appropriate visa.

Visa requirements for expats and digital nomads in Poland

EU/EEA citizens
If you are a citizen of a European Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA) country, you can live, work, and study in Poland without needing a visa. However, you should register your stay with the local municipal office if you plan to stay longer than 3 months.

Visa requirements for non-EU/EEA citizens
For non-EU/EEA citizens, obtaining a residence permit is mandatory if you plan to stay in Poland for more than 90 days. This permit allows you to reside and work legally in Poland and serves as an identification document.

Poland offers several types of residence permits and visas, which generally fall within three different categories:

• A type: an airport transit Schengen visa
• C type: a short-term Schengen visa allowing the holder to stay in the Schengen territory for up to 90 days in 180 days period
• D type: a long-term national visa issued for up to one year allowing travel around the Schengen area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period Other visa types exist, tailored to specific situations and needs, and will be discussed in more detail below.

Application process

The application process for a residence permit usually involves submitting various documents, including a valid passport, proof of health insurance, proof of accommodation, and the completed application form. The employer or sponsor typically manages this process.

Duration and renewal

Residence permits are usually granted for one to three years and must be renewed before expiration. The renewal process requires up-to-date documentation and continued sponsorship or evidence of business operations. Initiate the residence permit application process as soon as possible after your arrival in Poland, preferably within the first 90 days.

Securing a residence permit is essential for expats and digital nomads aiming to establish themselves in Poland, offering the benefits of legal residency, work authorization, and access to local services.

Moving to Poland: Essential document checklist

Gathering all necessary documents early in the Polish visa application process is crucial to avoid delays or complications. Depending on your visa type, you may need the following:

Importance of authenticating and translating documents in Poland

Having your documents translated into Polish and authenticated is crucial for Polish authorities. Some documents may also require attestation by your home country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Polish embassy.

Step 2: Manage your finances in Poland

Poland offers a high quality of life and an affordable cost of living compared to many Western European countries. However, costs can vary significantly depending on the city and lifestyle. Here’s how to effectively manage your finances in Poland:

Cost of living in Poland

Here’s what you can expect in terms of living costs in Poland: Renting: In Warsaw, a one-bedroom apartment in the city center typically costs around PLN 3,000 ($700) per month, while in less central areas, prices can drop to approximately PLN 2,000 ($460). Costs are generally lower in other cities like Kraków or Wrocław. Buying property: The real estate market in Poland varies by location, with prices in major cities like Warsaw and Kraków being higher. Additional costs include notary fees, property registration fees, and possibly agent commissions, which can total around 2-4% of the purchase price. Food and drink: Groceries in Poland are relatively affordable, but imported goods can be more expensive. Dining out at a mid-range restaurant might cost around PLN 100 ($23) for two people. Shopping at local markets can help reduce food expenses. Transport: Public transportation in Poland is well-developed. A monthly pass for public transport in major cities typically costs around PLN 100 ($23). Car ownership is common, but be aware of the costs of fuel, insurance, and maintenance. Utilities: Utilities, including electricity, heating, water, and garbage collection, generally cost between PLN 300-600 ($70-$140) per month, depending on the size of your accommodation and usage. Internet and TV packages usually cost around PLN 100-150 ($23-$35) monthly.

Taxation

One of the key financial benefits of living in Poland is the relatively low personal income tax rates compared to many other European countries. Poland's tax system includes a progressive tax rate on income. It’s important to understand your tax obligations, including any double taxation agreements between Poland and your home country, as you may still be liable for taxes there.

Banking and currency exchange

To open a bank account in Poland, you'll typically need your passport and proof of address. Most banks in Poland offer services in English, and you’ll find several international banks with branches in major cities.

Poland’s currency is the Polish Zloty (PLN). Currency exchange services are widely available, but for the best rates, consider using ATMs or bank services that accept international cards, as these often offer more favorable exchange rates.

Managing your finances wisely in Poland will help you enjoy the country’s high standard of living while effectively navigating its cost structure.

Step 3: Arrange housing and accommodation in Poland

Securing suitable accommodation is a crucial step in your relocation to Poland. It affects not only your comfort but also legal matters, such as registering your residence.

Renting vs. buying

Both renting and buying property are viable options in Poland, though property ownership has some restrictions for foreigners. Renting: Renting is the most common choice for expats in Poland. The rental market offers a range of options, from modern apartments in city centers to larger homes in suburban areas. When renting, you'll typically need to provide proof of income, a copy of your passport, and sometimes a deposit equal to one to two months' rent. Lease agreements usually run for one year, and rents are often paid in advance, either monthly or quarterly. Buying property: Foreigners can buy property in Poland, but there are restrictions on purchasing agricultural land and properties in certain regions. Properties in cities like Warsaw, Kraków, and Gdańsk are more expensive. When buying, consider additional costs such as notary fees, registration fees, and maintenance costs. Buying property may also affect your eligibility for residency.

Finding suitable housing

Poland offers a variety of housing options, from high-rise apartments in urban areas to charming houses in smaller towns. Websites like Otodom and Gratka are excellent resources for finding available properties.

For expats, key considerations include proximity to work, international schools, shopping centers, and public transportation. Areas like Warsaw’s Śródmieście, Kraków’s Kazimierz, and Wrocław’s Śródmieście are popular among expatriates due to their amenities and vibrant communities.

Once you’ve selected a property, carefully review the lease or purchase agreement, which should include:

• Property description: A detailed overview of the property’s features.
• Rental amount and payment details: Information on how and when rent is to be paid.
• Security deposit: Usually equivalent to one or two months’ rent.
• Lease Duration: Terms may be fixed for one year or longer.
• Maintenance responsibilities: Clarify who is responsible for repairs and maintenance.
• Policies on pets and subletting: Some properties have restrictions on pets or subletting.

Understanding these aspects will help you secure the best possible living arrangement in Poland, ensuring a smooth transition and a comfortable expat experience.

Step 4: Job market and working arrangements in Poland

Poland’s job market is dynamic, with significant opportunities in sectors like IT, finance, manufacturing, education, and healthcare. The country’s ongoing economic development and EU membership are also creating new opportunities in sectors such as tourism, logistics, and renewable energy.

The average monthly income in Poland varies widely depending on the industry and level of expertise. Salaries are generally competitive, and many expats enjoy additional benefits such as housing allowances and annual bonuses.

Remote work: Remote work is increasingly common in Poland, especially in tech and creative industries. However, it may be less prevalent in traditional sectors compared to some Western countries. Job seekers can explore opportunities through platforms like LinkedIn, Pracuj.pl, and Indeed.

Work culture: Poland’s work culture emphasizes professionalism, punctuality, and respect for hierarchy. While Polish is the official language, English is widely used in business and professional settings. Proficiency in Polish can be advantageous but is not always necessary in many multinational companies.

Step 5: Accessing healthcare and education in Poland

Healthcare system

Poland offers a robust healthcare system with both public and private options. The public healthcare system, funded by the National Health Fund (NFZ), provides basic medical services free of charge to residents, including expatriates with a valid health insurance policy.

Public healthcare: Services are accessible through NFZ and include general medical care, hospital treatments, and specialist consultations. While the quality of care is generally good, waiting times for certain treatments and specialists can be long.

Private healthcare: Private healthcare services are also widely available and can be a preferred option for quicker access to specialists and more personalized care. Private health insurance is often chosen by expatriates for additional coverage and shorter waiting times.

Healthcare in Poland is of high standard, and major cities like Warsaw, Kraków, and Wrocław offer advanced medical facilities and a range of specialist services.

Education options

Poland provides a variety of educational opportunities for both local and international families.

Primary and secondary education: Public schools in Poland are free and compulsory for children aged 7 to 18. However, many expatriate families choose private or international schools where English is often the primary language of instruction. These schools follow various curricula, including British, American, and the International Baccalaureate (IB).

Higher education: Poland is home to numerous higher education institutions, including well-regarded universities such as University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University, and Wrocław University of Science and Technology. These institutions offer a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs, often in partnership with international universities.

Education standards in Poland are high, with a strong emphasis on academic excellence and global perspectives. Furthermore, the multicultural environment in international schools provides a broad and diverse educational experience, making Poland an attractive destination for families.

Step 6: Ensuring your safety in Poland

Safety overview

Poland is considered one of the safer countries in Europe, with low crime rates and a strong emphasis on public safety. The country is politically stable and generally safe for expatriates. While the risk of petty crime is minimal, it’s still advisable to take standard precautions, especially in crowded areas and tourist spots.

Emergency preparedness: Poland has a well-developed infrastructure for handling emergencies, including a comprehensive system for natural disaster preparedness. While natural disasters are rare, it’s wise to be aware of emergency procedures and local advisories.

Emergency contacts and protocols

In case of an emergency, dial 112, the national emergency number in Poland, which connects you to police, medical, and fire services. Operators generally speak English, but knowing a few basic Polish phrases can be helpful in urgent situations. Familiarize yourself with the locations of nearby hospitals or clinics for quicker access in emergencies.

Step 7: Embracing Polish culture

Cultural insights

Polish customs: Greetings in Poland are generally formal, with a handshake being the common form of greeting. Titles and respect are important, so address people formally unless invited to use their first names.

Dress codes: Poland has a relatively modest dress code, particularly in professional settings. Business attire is usually formal, and day-to-day wear should be neat and respectful, covering shoulders and knees. This reflects Polish cultural values and respect for social norms.

Social norms: Punctuality is highly valued, especially in business and social settings. Privacy and personal space are important in Polish culture, and direct communication is appreciated, though it should always be polite. Public displays of affection are less common and may attract unwanted attention.

Leisure culture: Poland offers a vibrant cultural scene, especially in cities like Warsaw, Kraków, and Gdańsk. The country has a rich cultural heritage with a mix of historical sites, modern attractions, and traditional festivals. Socializing often takes place in cafes, cultural centers, and local markets. Engaging with local customs and participating in traditional events, such as fairs and festivals, can enhance your experience.

Start your new life in Poland

From the charm of Kraków’s historic squares to the rapidly developing skyline of Warsaw, Poland offers expatriates a blend of rich cultural heritage and contemporary living. With its affordable cost of living, high-quality healthcare, diverse educational opportunities, and welcoming culture, Poland is an attractive destination for those looking to start a new chapter in their life.

For a successful relocation, thorough research and careful planning are essential. If you need additional support, Deel can assist with navigating the visa application process and help you find suitable health insurance plans.

Discover how Deel can help you secure a work visa, or explore the Deel blog for more insights on relocating to Poland and other global destinations.