Moving to Romania: A Guide for Expats and Digital Nomads

Located in Southeastern Europe, Romania can be an attractive destination for skilled workers and digital nomads, thanks to its strategic position in Europe, combined with its modernizing infrastructure and affordable cost of living, though the country still sees significant development inequality between larger urban centers and the rural hinterland.

The country offers a blend of historic charm and contemporary amenities, creating a unique environment for both work and leisure. In recent years the government has kicked off a number of initiatives to support innovation and entrepreneurship, including a digital nomad visa, making it an appealing destination for expats and digital nomads, especially those with a desire to explore and pioneer new trends.

However, relocating to Romania requires careful planning, especially regarding visa requirements, local customs, and cost of living. With the right preparation, Romania can serve as an ideal base for expatriates and digital nomads looking to explore the opportunities in Eastern Europe.

Step 1: Before moving to Romania: Prepare your documents

Before you move to Romania, it is crucial to ensure you have the necessary visa and permits to live and work in the country.

Visa requirements for expats and digital nomads in Romania

EU/EEA/Swiss citizens
If you are a citizen of an EU/EEA country or Switzerland, you do not need a visa to live and work in Romania. However, you must register with the local authorities and obtain a residence certificate if you plan to stay longer than 90 days.

Visa requirements for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens
Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens need a visa to stay in Romania for more than 90 days. There are different types of visas depending on your purpose of stay, which will be discussed in detail below.

Application process

The application process for a Romanian long-stay visa involves submitting several documents, including a valid passport, proof of financial means, medical insurance, and a completed application form. The sponsoring employer or a legal representative can often assist with this process.

Duration and renewal

Long-stay visas are generally issued for one year and can be renewed annually. The renewal process requires up-to-date documentation and continued sponsorship. It is essential to start the visa application process well in advance of your planned move to Romania.

During your stay, you may need to register with local authorities and undergo health checks as part of the residence permit process. Securing the appropriate visa and residence permit is crucial for expats and digital nomads looking to establish themselves in Romania, providing the benefits of legal residency and access to local services.

Moving to Romania: Essential document checklist

It’s important to gather all necessary documents early in the Romanian visa application process to avoid delays. Depending on the type of visa you are applying for, you may need the following:

Importance of authenticating and translating documents in Romania

Documents may need to be translated into Romanian and authenticated by the Romanian authorities. Some documents may also require attestation by your home country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Romanian embassy.

Step 2: Manage your finances in Romania

Romania offers a relatively affordable cost of living compared to other European countries, but it's still important to manage your finances carefully, especially if you are accustomed to a different economic environment. Here's how to effectively manage your finances in Romania:

Cost of living in Romania

Here’s a brief overview of what to expect in terms of living costs in Romania. Of course, rates and expenses vary from location to location, so make sure you do your research.

• Renting: A one-bedroom apartment in central Bucharest might cost around RON 2,500 ($540) per month, while in less central areas, prices may drop to approximately RON 1,500 ($325).
• Buying property: The real estate market in Romania is diverse, with property prices varying by location. Additional costs include notary fees, property registration fees, and possibly agent commissions, which can total around 3-5% of the purchase price.
• Food and drink: Groceries in Romania are generally reasonably priced, but imported goods can be more expensive. Shopping at local markets can offer better deals. Dining out at a mid-range restaurant might cost around RON 120 ($26) for two people.
• Transport: Public transportation in Romania is well-developed, with a monthly pass for buses and metro costing around RON 70 ($15). Car ownership is common, and while fuel prices are moderate, consider additional costs for insurance, maintenance, and parking.
• Utilities: Utilities, including electricity, water, and heating, can cost between RON 300-600 ($65-$130) per month, depending on the size of your accommodation and usage. Internet and TV packages generally cost around RON 150-250 ($32-$54) monthly.

Taxation

One of the advantages of living in Romania is the relatively low personal income tax rate. As of the latest update, income tax is 10%, and social security contributions are also relatively modest. However, it's crucial to check your tax obligations in both Romania and your home country to ensure compliance with any double taxation agreements that may apply.

Banking and currency exchange

To open a bank account in Romania, you'll need your passport, a Romanian residence permit, and proof of employment or income. Many banks offer services in English, and there are several international banks operating in major cities like Bucharest.

Romania’s currency is the Romanian Leu (RON). Currency exchange services are readily available, but for the best rates, consider using ATMs or bank services that accept international cards, as these often offer more favorable exchange rates. Managing your finances wisely in Romania will help you make the most of the country’s high standard of living while navigating its cost structure effectively.

Step 3: Arrange housing and accommodation in Romania

Finding the right accommodation is a key part of relocating to Romania, impacting both your comfort and legal matters, such as securing your residence permit.

Renting vs. buying

Both renting and buying property are options available to residents in Romania, though land ownership has some restrictions, especially for non-EU citizens.

Renting: Renting is the most common option for expats in Romania, particularly in cities like Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. The rental market offers a variety of choices, from modern apartments to traditional houses. When renting, you'll typically need to provide proof of income, a copy of your residence permit, and sometimes a deposit equal to one to two months' rent. Lease agreements usually run for one year, and rents are often paid in advance, either monthly or quarterly.

Buying property: While buying property is possible, non-EU citizens face some restrictions and can generally only purchase property (if it includes land) in designated areas or through certain legal arrangements. Additional costs include notary fees, registration fees, and ongoing maintenance costs. In some cases, property ownership can also lead to eligibility for long-term residency.

Finding suitable housing

Romania offers a range of housing options, from high-rise apartments in urban centers to charming houses in quieter suburbs. Websites like Imobiliare.ro and Storia are great resources for finding available properties. For expats, important considerations include proximity to work, international schools, shopping centers, and public transportation.

Areas like Piata Unirii and Dorobanti in Bucharest, or the central areas of Cluj-Napoca, are popular among expatriates due to their amenities and vibrant communities. Once you've selected a property, carefully review the lease agreement, which should include:

• Property description: A detailed overview of the property's features.
• Rental amount and Payment Details: Information on how and when rent is to be paid.
• Security deposit: Usually equivalent to one or two months' rent.
• Lease duration: Terms may be fixed for one year or longer.
• Maintenance responsibilities: Clarify who is responsible for repairs and maintenance.
• Policies on pets and subletting: Some properties have restrictions on pets or subletting. Understanding these aspects will help you secure the best possible living arrangement in Romania, making your transition smoother and ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable expat experience.

Step 4: Job market and working arrangements in Romania

Romania’s job market is evolving with opportunities across various sectors, including IT, finance, healthcare, education, engineering, and manufacturing. The country’s efforts to enhance its economy and attract foreign investment are also creating new opportunities in areas such as tourism, renewable energy, and start-ups.

The average monthly income in Romania can vary based on the industry and experience level. Generally, salaries are competitive, and many expats benefit from additional perks such as housing allowances and transportation subsidies, depending on their employer.

Remote work: Remote work is increasingly common in Romania, particularly in sectors like IT and digital marketing. Job seekers can explore employment opportunities through platforms like LinkedIn, eJobs, and BestJobs.

Work culture: Romania’s work culture values professionalism, punctuality, and respect. Hierarchical structures are common, but there is also a growing emphasis on collaboration and team dynamics.

While Romanian is the official language, English is widely spoken in business environments, especially within multinational companies. Proficiency in both languages can be beneficial, but English alone is often sufficient in many professional settings.

Step 5: Accessing healthcare and education in Romania

Healthcare system

Romania offers a robust healthcare system with both public and private options. All residents, including expatriates, are required to have health insurance, which can be obtained through the national health insurance program or private providers.

Public healthcare services are available through institutions like the Ministry of Health, providing a range of medical care, though waiting times can be longer. Private healthcare facilities offer quicker access to specialists and higher-end services, albeit at a higher cost. Expatriates often opt for private health insurance for more comprehensive coverage and quicker service.

Education options

Romania provides a variety of educational options, including public, private, and international schools. Public schools are free for Romanian citizens, but expatriates typically enroll their children in private or international schools, where instruction is often in English. These schools offer various curricula, including British, American, and International Baccalaureate (IB).

Romania also hosts a number of higher education institutions, including branches of international universities and local universities such as the University of Bucharest, offering a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The high educational standards and diverse academic opportunities make Romania an attractive destination for families.

Step 6: Ensuring your safety in Romania

Safety overview

Romania is generally considered a safe country with low crime rates. It is known for its political stability and high quality of life, making it a secure environment for expatriates. While petty crime is rare, standard precautions should still be taken, especially in busy areas or during public events. Romania's infrastructure is well-equipped to handle emergencies, and the country has effective systems for disaster preparedness, though such events are uncommon.

Emergency contacts and protocols

In case of an emergency, dial 112, the national emergency number in Romania, which connects you to medical, fire, or police services. Operators generally speak English, but learning a few basic Romanian phrases can be helpful. Familiarizing yourself with your local area and nearby hospitals or clinics can also aid in quick response times.

Step 7: Embracing Romanian culture

Cultural insights

Romanian customs: Greetings in Romania are generally formal. A handshake is common, and it’s polite to address people with their titles and last names unless invited to use their first names. Respect for personal space and hierarchical structures is important in Romanian culture.

Dress codes: Romania has a modest dress code, particularly in professional and public settings. While business attire is typically formal, everyday wear should be conservative, with men and women advised to dress modestly, reflecting the country’s cultural norms.

Social norms: Punctuality is valued, especially in business contexts. Privacy and respect for personal space are significant in Romanian culture, and direct communication is appreciated but should be delivered with politeness. Public displays of affection are generally acceptable but should be modest.

Leisure culture: Romania has a rich cultural heritage with a growing leisure scene, particularly in cities like Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. You can enjoy a mix of modern and traditional venues, including parks, cafes, and historical sites. Festivals, cultural events, and traditional Romanian cuisine also provide opportunities to engage with the local culture.

Pioneer a new adventure in Romania

From the busy cities of Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca to Romania’s picturesque landscapes, the country offers expats a blend of modern amenities and rich cultural experiences. Whether you’re attracted by the booming job market, affordable healthcare, diverse educational options, or the welcoming culture, Romania has much to offer.

For those considering a move to Romania, thorough research and planning are essential for a smooth transition. For additional support, Deel can assist with the visa application process and help navigate the complexities of finding suitable insurance plans.

Discover how Deel can help you secure a work visa, or explore the Deel blog for more insights on relocating to Romania and other global destinations.